Tipos de contenedores de basura, cada residuo a su cubo
Por Esteban Gutierrez
Con tantos tipos de contenedores de basura no hay excusa para no reciclar. Habitualmente escuchamos el tópico de “para qué voy a reciclar si seguro que nadie lo hace… no sirve para nada”, pero la realidad es que en España existen 96 plantas de selección de residuos que se encargan de reciclar el 71,9% de 1,2 millones de toneladas de basura que se arrojan a los contenedores. Reciclar es un ejercicio de responsabilidad social, y eliminar los residuos sólidos urbanos debe hacerse con un fuerte compromiso con el medioambiente, porque si no, lo que estaremos tirando a la basura será nuestro propio entorno y el dinero de todos.
“Hoy en día los distintos tipos de contenedores de basura nos son familiares en cualquier calle, pero si pensamos que los contenedores de papel y plástico solo recogen residuos desde 1997.“
Es evidente que tenemos todavía muy poca experiencia en el ámbito del reciclaje de envases, y mucho trabajo por hacer en la concienciación ciudadana. Sin embargo, la evolución del reciclado en estos 16 años, gracias a la instalación de los distintos tipos de contenedores de basura y a la gestión del proceso de reciclaje, ha permitido pasar del 5 a más del 70% de envases reciclados del total producido por la industria.
Además de la concienciación ciudadana, esto ha sido posible gracias a la organización sin ánimo de lucro ECOEMBES, encargada de la gestión del reciclaje en coordinación con las empresas productoras, Comunidades Autónomas y ciudadanos. A través de centenares de campañas de concienciación, han logrado que el 99% de la población española cuente con contenedores para basura selectiva, lo que en 2013 evitó 13,8 millones de emisiones de CO2, 15.8 millones de Mwh de energía y 375 metros cúbicos de agua. Puedes encontrar más datos interesantes sobre el reciclaje en España en el informe anual de ECOEMBES.
“En España 7 de cada 10 envases nuevos se reciclan“.
Tipos de Contenedores de Basura
En España contamos con diferentes tipos de contenedores de basura: para los residuos orgánicos; amarillo para briks, latas y plásticos; para papel y cartón, y para vidrio. En algunas ciudades, por cuestiones de higiene, impacto ambiental y espacio, cuentan con contenedores soterrados, permitiendo un paseo más cómodo y la eliminación de olores desagradables
En el Contenedor de Basura Amarillo: Los Envases
- Plástico: productos de higiene y limpieza, tarrinas, bandejas, envoltorios y bolsas.
- Metal: latas, bandejas de aluminio, aerosoles, botes de desodorante, tapas y tapones metálicos.
- Briks de leche, zumos, sopas, etc.
En el Contenedor de Basura Azul: Papel y Similares
- Papel y Cajas de Cartón: envases de alimentación, calzado, productos congelados, papel de envolver, papel de uso diario, etc.
En el Contenedor de Basura Verde: Vidrio
- Botellas de Vidrio: vino, cava o licores.
- Frascos de Vidrio: perfume, colonia o similar.
- Tarros de alimentos: mermelada, conservas, vegetales, etc.
En el Contenedor de Basura Gris: Residuos Orgánicos
- Solo para materia orgánica, plantas o comida y compuestos biodegradables.
“En caso de duda, deposita el residuo en el punto limpio para reciclarlo correctamente“.
| Tipo de Contenedor | Residuo |
|---|---|
| Amarillo | Envases (Plástico, Metal y Briks) |
| Azul | Papel y Similares (Cajas de Cartón) |
| Verde | Vidrio (Botellas, Frascos y Tarros) |
| Gris | Materia Orgánica (Plantas, Comida o Compuestos Biodegradables) |
Como saber a que contenedores se tiran otros residuos
Hasta ahora hemos visto la clasificación general de los tipos de contenedores de basura para los residuos de envases más comunes, sin embargo, muchas veces tiramos productos al contenedor de basura incorrecto. Por ejemplo, ¿sabes a qué contenedor de basura va el corcho o la madera? ¿y la cerámica? pues los primeros al contenedor amarillo y el segundo al gris. En caso de duda usa la guía interactiva de Ecoembes en donde te aparecerá todo lo que quieras saber a cerca de los residuos y sus cubos. Más contenedores y formas de reciclar:
- Juguetes: ¿has pensado donarlo primero a una ONG o asociación?. Si está roto, quítale las pilas y llévalo a un punto limpio de reciclaje..
- Bombillas: al contenedor de vidrio, pero no los fluorescentes y las de bajo consumo. Estas últimas a los puntos limpios.
- CD y discos compactos: no los tires al contenedor amarillo. En las tiendas de informática suelen tener puntos de recogida especiales para su reciclado.
- Aerosoles: se pueden tirar al contenedor de basura amarillo si son productos de limpieza o cosmética, pero no los de insecticidas o pinturas.
- Objetos de metal que no son envases: directos al punto limpio.
- Aceite usado: contenedores especiales en mercados, centros comerciales y comercios. Almacénalo, en casa en botellas de agua y llévalo a un punto limpio de reciclaje.
“Si se reciclase todo el vidrio producido no habría que fabricar más; sería suficiente para cubrir toda la demanda mundial “.
Conclusión
Como ves es, hoy en día reciclar envases es más fácil que nunca gracias a los distintos tipos de contenedores de basura, por lo que estar bien concienciados en esta materia es muy importante para preservar el medioambiente y el entorno natural. De hecho, ¿sabías que ya se ha fabricado todo el vidrio necesario a nivel mundial? Solo reciclando el cristal existente es suficiente para cubrir las necesidades de este material para todo el mundo. Esta misma situación sería posible con otros muchos materiales, por lo que anímate a reciclar y depositar tus residuos en los contenedores correspondientes.
Si estás buscando contenedores para el reciclaje en casa, estos son los mejores. Sencillos y cómodos, son ideales para un piso con capacidad de 20L.
Si estás buscando contenedores para el reciclaje en casa, estos son los mejores. Sencillos y cómodos, son ideales para un piso con capacidad de 20L.
Energía solar, fuente de las energías renovables
La energía solar es la energía obtenida a partir del aprovechamiento de la radiación electromagnética procedente del Sol. Además de su propia capacidad para generar energía (energía solar térmica y energía solar fotovoltaica), en el sol se encuentra el origen de todas las energías renovables. El calentamiento de la tierra y del agua provoca las diferencias de presión que dan origen al viento, fuente de la energía eólica. El sol es, a la vez, el agente principal del ciclo del agua, que convierte la evaporación de los océanos en lluvia y, por lo tanto, en el recurso de la energía hidráulica.
Energía eólica, la energía renovable del viento
Hoy en día la forma habitual de aprovechar el viento para convertirlo en energía eólica es mediante el empleo de aerogeneradores de eje horizontal. Cada aerogenerador consiste básicamente en un rotor a barlovento, dotado normalmente de tres palas con diseño aerodinámico, que capta la energía del viento y la transforma en energía mecánica de rotación.
Energía geotérmica, energía renovable de la tierra
La energía geotérmica es una de las fuentes de energía renovable menos conocidas y se encuentra almacenada bajo la superficie terrestre en forma de calor y ligada a volcanes, aguas termales, fumarolas y géiseres. Es decir, a diferencia del resto de energías renovables cuyo origen es la radiación solar, ya sea de forma directa como la solar térmica y fotovoltaica o de forma indirecta como la eólica, hidroeléctrica y biomasa, la energía geotérmica proviene del calor interior de la Tierra.
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